Polygraph
A polygraph examination is a tool used by some agencies as part of the security clearance vetting process. Polygraphs measure physiological responses while the subject answers questions, though their accuracy and reliability remain debated.
Quick Facts
| Required for | Many IC positions, some SCI access, certain agencies |
| Types | CI (counterintelligence), Full-scope (lifestyle) |
| Frequency | Initial and periodic (varies by agency) |
| Duration | 2-4 hours typically |
| Pass rate | Most cleared personnel pass |
Types of Polygraphs
CI Poly (Counterintelligence)
The more limited examination[1]:
- Focuses on espionage, sabotage, and unauthorized disclosure
- Questions about foreign intelligence contacts
- Shorter examination
- Required for many SCI positions
Typical CI topics:
- Unauthorized disclosure of classified information
- Contact with foreign intelligence services
- Sabotage or terrorism
Full-Scope / Lifestyle Polygraph
The more comprehensive examination[2]:
- Includes all CI topics plus personal conduct
- Questions about drug use, criminal activity, financial issues
- Longer and more detailed
- Required by certain intelligence agencies
Additional lifestyle topics:
- Illegal drug use
- Serious criminal conduct
- Financial irresponsibility
- Personal conduct issues
Which Agencies Require Polygraphs
Polygraph requirements vary by agency and position[3]:
Typically require polygraphs:
- Intelligence community agencies
- Some law enforcement positions
- Certain DoD positions with SCI access
Generally do not require:
- Standard DoD Secret clearances
- Most military positions
- Many defense contractor roles
Your specific position and access requirements determine whether a polygraph is needed.
What to Expect
The polygraph process typically includes:
- Pre-test interview - Reviewing questions and your background
- Attachment of sensors - Measuring breathing, heart rate, skin conductivity
- Question series - Relevant questions mixed with control questions
- Post-test discussion - Clarifying any responses of concern
Polygraph Concerns
The scientific community has raised questions about polygraph reliability[2]. However, agencies continue to use them as one tool among many in the vetting process.
If you have concerns during a polygraph:
- Answer questions honestly
- Inform the examiner of any medical conditions
- Ask for breaks if needed
- You can request a retest if results are inconclusive
Failing a Polygraph
An unfavorable polygraph result does not automatically disqualify you:
- You may be offered a retest
- Adjudicators consider the whole-person concept
- Admissions made during polygraphs carry more weight than the machine results
- You can appeal unfavorable determinations
Related
References
- ^ ICD 704: Personnel Security Standards and Procedures Governing Eligibility for Access to SCI. Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Accessed 2026-01-08.
- ^ Security Clearance Process: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions. Congressional Research Service. Accessed 2026-01-10.
- ^ DoDI 5200.02: DoD Personnel Security Program. Department of Defense. Accessed 2026-01-08.